| Amontillado - After the flor dies or is killed off by an extra addition of spirit, the resulting fino is known as an Amontillado once it has aged for a period of time, usually ten years or more. Most are dry, although some brands bottle them with a touch of sweetness. Añejo - A new term designating any Spanish wine that has been aged a minimum of 24 months in oak barrels. The term can be applied only to a Vino de la Tierra wine or better. Bodega - A generic term meaning winery, but sometimes applied to wine shops or cellars. Cava - The term is reserved for those sparkling wines that are made by the classic method used to make Champagne. By law, European countries can't use the term méthode champenoise, so in Spain the terms método tradicional or método clásico is placed on the bottle instead. Cosecha - Harvest or vintage. Criadera - A collection of vintage wines in barrels making up the younger part of a solera (see below). Crianza - Any DO or DOC red wine that has been aged a minimum of 24 months, with six months in barrel. In the regions of Navarra, Rioja, and Ribera del Duero, that minimum barrel time is one year. White wines must be a year old, with six months in barrel. Doble Pasta - a powerful wine made using methods similar to Italy's ripasso, that is, the addition of grape skins to a finished or fermenting wine. Fino - A light, dry, aperitif-style Sherry. Flor - The beneficial yeast film that forms inside a barrel of fino-style Sherry. Fondillón - Sweet wine made of Monastrell grapes with 16 to 18% alcohol, from the Levante region. Gran Reserva - Any DO or DOC wine that has been aged a minimum of five years, with one and a half years in barrel. In the regions of Navarra, Rioja, and Ribera del Duero, that minimum barrel time is two years. White wines must be four years old, with six months in barrel. Joven - A term applied to any DO or DOC wine; typically the wine sees little or no time in oak and is sold as a fresh and fruity wine. Manzanilla - Another light, dry, aperitif-style Sherry. If a fino Sherry is aged in the windy, coastal town of Sanlúcar de Barrameda, it is called Manzanilla to differentiate it from other, less delicate fino Sherries. Noble - A new term used to designate a wine with at least 12 months in oak barrels. The term can be applied only to a Vino de la Tierra wine or better. Oloroso - A type of Sherry that is naturally dry but is often blended with Pedro Ximénez (PX) or other sweetening agents to produce a sweet style. Orujo - The Spanish form of grappa or marc, a distillate made from grape pomace. Pago or DO Pago - A classification created in 2003 for a single estate, which designates that Pago (vineyard-estate) as a fine producer of wine. The Pago is allowed to set its own rules for grapes and production. All grape growing, vinification, and bottling must take place on the estate. Palo Cortado - A rare type of Sherry, usually completely dry, which lies between an amontillado and an oloroso. Rancio - A high-intensity wine with distinct oxidative flavors and usually with more than 16 percent alcohol. Reserva - Any DO or DOC wine that has been aged a minimum of 36 months, with one year in barrel. White wines must be two years old, with six months in barrel. Roble - Literally "oak," but this term can appear upon a label, most often, of a Joven wine; it informs the buyer that the wine has spent at least a little time in barrel. Rosado - Rosé or pink wine, made from red grapes fermented with little or no time on their color-laden skins; hence the wine is white or Rosé in color. Solera - A dynamic aging process, practiced in Jerez and Montilla-Moriles, whereby younger and older wines are aged and blended together in a proscribed manner. Vendimia - Harvest or vintage. Viejo - A wine with a minimum of 36 months in barrel, and showing an "oxidative" character. The term can be applied only to a Vino de la Tierra wine or better. Vinos de Autor - Classical wines with an added dimension: wines made from selected grapes (from old vines, from a single vineyard, or from special parcels or plots), usually featuring plenty of new oak, produced in limited quantities, and sold in a special packaging. Also known as High Concept wines, Signature wines, or Flagship wines. Vitivinicultor - A new term used to describe a Spanish winemaker who is both the grower and the maker of the wine, the equivalent of the French term vigneron. (Interestingly, the Spanish had to invent a new word to describe the person who is responsible for all aspects of the creation of the wine. In the past, these roles have been compartmentalized in the large companies. And small companies have not been part of the landscape of important Spanish wine until recently.) VOS - "Vinum optimum signatum" or "very old Sherry" is a new Sherry term used to guarantee that the wine has been aged in barrels a minimum of 20 years. That long time in oak causes a high degree of evaporation, so the VOS designation suggests that the wine is expensive to produce. VORS - "Vinum optimum rare signatum" or "very old rare Sherry" is a new Sherry term used to guarantee that the wine has been aged in barrels a minimum of 30 years. That long time in oak causes a high degree of evaporation, so the VORS designation suggests that the wine is very expensive to produce. These wines are bottled in very limited quantities. | 